Daily Mandarin Lesson Happy in Chinese

There are many ways to say happy in Chinese. Like with English, Chinese words have synonyms so that conversation doesnt get too repetitive. Here are the four ways you can say happy in Chinese along with examples of how to use the term. Audio files are marked with ââ€" º. é «ËœÃ¥â€¦ ´ (gÄ o xà ¬ng)   To describe a state of feeling happy in the moment, you would use the term é «ËœÃ¥â€¦ ´. é «Ëœ (g Ä o) means high, while  Ã¥â€¦ ´ (xà ¬ng) has a variety of meanings depending on the context, ranging from interest to flourish. For an example of when to use é «ËœÃ¥â€¦ ´, you could say:   Ã¥ Æ'ä ºâ€ Ã¨ ¿â„¢Ã© ¡ ¿Ã§ ¾Å½Ã¥â€˜ ³Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© ¥ ­Ã¥ Å½Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã© «ËœÃ¥â€¦ ´ (chÄ « le zhà ¨ dà ¹n mÄ›i wà ¨i de fà  n hà ²u, wÇ’ hÄ›n gÄ oxà ¬ng): After eating this delicious meal, I am happy When expressing pleasure at meeting someone, you would use the term é «ËœÃ¥â€¦ ´. For example: 我å ¾Ë†Ã© «ËœÃ¥â€¦ ´Ã¨ ® ¤Ã¨ ¯â€ Ã¤ ½   (wÇ’ hÄ›n gÄ o xà ¬ng rà ¨n shi nÇ ):  It was nice to meet you Ã¥ ¼â‚¬Ã¥ ¿Æ' ( kÄ i xÄ «n) Ã¥ ¼â‚¬ (kÄ i) means open, while Ã¥ ¿Æ' (xÄ «n)means heart. While Ã¥ ¼â‚¬Ã¥ ¿Æ' and  Ã© «ËœÃ¥â€¦ ´ are used in very similar ways, it can be argued that Ã¥ ¼â‚¬Ã¥ ¿Æ' is used more as a way to describe a state of mind or character trait. For example, you could say  Ã¥ ¥ ¹Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¼â‚¬Ã¥ ¿Æ' (tÄ  hÄ›n kÄ i xÄ «n) which means she is very happy.   But in terms of meeting people, you would not use  Ã¥ ¼â‚¬Ã¥ ¿Æ'. For instance,  Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã© «ËœÃ¥â€¦ ´Ã¨ ® ¤Ã¨ ¯â€ Ã¤ ½   is a standard phrase meaning It was nice to meet you. You would never hear someone say 我å ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¼â‚¬Ã¥ ¿Æ'è ® ¤Ã¨ ¯â€ Ã¤ ½  . Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã§ ¦  (xà ¬ng fà º)   While  Ã© «ËœÃ¥â€¦ ´ describes a momentary or a shorter state of happiness, Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã§ ¦  (xà ¬ng fà º)  describes a longer or continual state of being happy. It can also mean to bless or blessing. The first character  Ã¥ ¹ ¸ means lucky, while the second character  Ã§ ¦  means fortune. Here are examples of  when to use the term  Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã§ ¦ : ç ¥  ä ½  Ã¤ » ¬ Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¥ º ­Ã‚  Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã§ ¦  (zhà ¹ nÇ  men jiÄ  tà ­ng xà ¬ng fà º): Wishing your family blessings. Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"ä ½  Ã§ »â€œÃ¥ ©Å¡Ã¥ ¦Ë†Ã¥ ¦Ë†Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¹ ¸Ã§ ¦  ( rà º guÇ’ nÇ  jià © hÃ… «n, mÄ  mÄ  huà ¬ hÄ›n xà ¬ngfà º): If you were to marry, mom would be so happy. Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¤ ¹  (kuà  i là ¨) Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¤ ¹  can also be written in the traditional form as Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¦ ¨â€š. The first character Ã¥ ¿ « (kuà  i) means fast, quick, or swift. The second character ä ¹  or æ ¨â€š (là ¨) translates to happy, laugh, cheerful, and can also be a surname. The phrase is pronounced ââ€" ºkuà  i là ¨, and both characters are in the fourth tone (kuai4 le4).  This term for happy is also commonly used to wish people happiness during celebrations or festivals.   Here are common examples of  Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¤ ¹  being used in a sentence: ââ€" ºTÄ  guà ² dehÄ›n kuà  ilà ¨.Ã¥ ¥ ¹Ã© Å½Ã¥ ¾â€"Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¦ ¨â€šÃ¥ ¥ ¹Ã¨ ¿â€¡Ã¥ ¾â€"Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¤ ¹ She is happy with her life.ââ€" ºXÄ «n nià ¡n kuà  i là ¨.æâ€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¦ ¨â€šÃ¦â€" °Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¤ ¹ Happy New Year.

The Impact of Training and Development on Employees...

Impact of Training and Development on Organizational Performance Abstracts - Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style are four of the most important aspects in organizational studies. The focus of current study is to understand the affect of Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style on Organizational performance. The back bone of this study is the secondary data comprised of comprehensive literature review. Four Hypotheses are developed to see the Impact of all the independent variables on the overall Organizational Performance. The Hypotheses show that all these have significant affect on Organizational Performance. These Hypotheses came from the literature†¦show more content†¦The focus of current study is to understand the effect of Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style on Organizational performance. The back bone of this study is the secondary data comprised of comprehensive literature review. Four Hypotheses are developed to see the Impact of all the independent variables on the overall Organizational Performance. The Hypotheses show that all these have significant effect on Organizational Performance. These Hypotheses came from the literature review and we have also proved them with the help of literature review. Results show that Training and Development, On the Job Training, Training Design and Delivery style have significant affect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively effect the Organizational Performance. It means it increases the overall organizational performance. We also prove our Hypothesis through empirical data. However, results are strongly based on the literature review.Results show that Training and Development,On the Job Training and Training Design and Delivery style have significant effect on Organizational Performance and all these have positively effect the Organizational Performance. JulyShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance and Organizational Growth1454 Words   |  6 Pagesedge, but most scholars argue that human resource functions becomes only operational when training has run through them all. This places training and development as an essential function in the survival of any organization. Increasingly, high performance organizations today are recognizing the need to use best training and development practices to enhance their competitive advantage. Training and development is an essential element of every business if the value and potential of its people is to beRead MoreThe Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance and Organizational Growth1446 Words   |  6 Pagesedge, but most scholars argue that human resource functions becomes only operational when training has run through them all. This places training and development as an essential function in the survival of any organization. Increasingly, high performance organizations today are recognizing the need to use best training and development practices to enhance their competitive advantage. 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It was published in the Industrial and Commercial Training Journal, Volume 39, Issue 7, in 2007. This article sets out to demonstrate that for many organizations, though training is becoming an important tool in improving organizational performance; front-line managers are often passive or indifferent on the issue of providing proper training to employees. The article addresses business leaders, humanRead MoreChapter Two. Literature Review. 2.1 Employee Training And709 Words   |  3 PagesCHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Employee Training and Development Overview: (Kum, F.D. etc., 2014). indicated that Training and development is a critical process, which seeks to improve the performance of workers in the organization. In order to form competent committees, employees’ relevant expertise and intellectual capacity needs to be improved. Some of the projects executed by ESCON fail at an embryonic stage owing to the fact that tenders are awarded to the lowest priced contractor. 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Academic Performance of Nursing Students Free Essays

Factors Affecting Academic PerformanceFactors Affecting AcademicperformanceCHAPTER IProblem and Its SettingIntroductionAcademic performance is measured by the standing of rates of grades of student in every subject. Having a high level of performance on the academic area of a student suggest its competency and high level of confidence on its certain field. Students have their own attitude towards learning and achieving a high level of academic performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Academic Performance of Nursing Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now The development of their enthusiasm towards succeeding in their own field varies. In order for a student to succeed he needs to be armed with strategies and techniques that will supplement his desire to reach his goals. One way is to have an efficient and adaptive study habit. This phenomenon can be linked to multi factors that affect their study habit. Such factors can be found in their environment, these includes the type of house they live in; the people around them and the level of support they give; the student and his family’s daily routines; the availability of resources Is this Essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 350,000 just like it! get better grades for studying; and also his family’s economicstatus, etcetera. Calbayog City, geographically, is a large city and it is also the focal point of many municipalities in the islands of Samar. That is why apart from the majority of students with families living in the city, it is also common in schools to have students that live in boarding houses since these students live in places far enough from Calbayog City. Christ the King College, specifically the College of Nursing shares this commonality which brings the researchers to wondering whether there are comparisons and differences among BS Nursing students living in their homes and boarding houses in relation to their academic performance. Statement of the problemThis study aims at finding the factors affecting the level of academic performance among the BS nursing student of Christ the king college. It specifically seeks to answer the following questions:1. what is the profile of the BSN students in†¦ How to cite Academic Performance of Nursing Students, Papers

Corporate Collateral and Capital Structure

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Collateral and Capital Structure. Answer: Introduction ADX Energy Limited is one of the prominent oil and gas exploration companies in Australia. The company is listed in the Australian Stock Exchange. The vision of the company is to achieve maximum shareholders return through the companys better investment choices by supporting the high quality management and the state of the art technology (Adx-energy.com 2016). By constantly striving to meet exponential growth depending on their strategy this energy company is all to looking for the high impact exploration opportunities in proven oil and gas basins. With the companys framework and using the corporate information regarding ADX Energy Limited, this report mainly explores the existing investments and cash flows of the company. The objective of the report is to identify the competitive strengths and unique advantages which could help maximize the earnings. By assessing the firms current financial structures, the best financial choices will be investigated in the later sections of the report. The company is expecting that the assets can be purchased at relatively low costs because they are not material enough for larger companies. Most of the assets are previously managed poorly and have inadequate suitable investment. All these uphold the opportunities for ADX for providing meaningful cash flow and the additional reserve for the company. Equity and cash flow analysis ADX Energy Limited believes in operatorship through the exploration and appraisal phase of the asset cycle for ensuring the effectiveness to maintain the core skills and gain greater access to new investment opportunities. The company is currently focusing on the energy appraisal activities in the areas like onshore Romania, Italy and Tunisia (Ioachim, Ionela and Florin 2016). With the access of good infrastructure, stable government, effective energy market situations and attractive fiscal terms, ADX has shifted their focus towards achieving lower risks appraisal and development assets. The company has many potential assets under the existing portfolio which can deliver the value of the shareholder at low oil prices. For instance, the discarded Nilde Oil Field, along the surrounding discoveries of offshore Italy offers a fantastic opportunity for ADX for increasing the material resources along with additional near field discoveries. It is indeed a unique competitiveness that the res ource is situated in a highly productivity reservoir located in a comparatively shallow water at the drill of shallow depths which enhanced the economic conditions of the company by encouraging fiscal terms. In the year of 2015, ADX successfully negotiated with the government of authorities of Tunisian for the extension of the Kerkouane license (Adx-energy.com 2016). Here the company did not follow any requirement to take on additional commitments. In short, the company has secured their position by delivering the low cost control of substantial, under-recognized well-defined resources of oil. In a nutshell, the company has the potential resource which has ensured low unit costs, strong margins and the high efficient production even at low oil prices. Positively, ADX can add considerable value to the assets of Nilde-area with the modest pay out for reservoir studies for the period of three to six months. By performing diverse activities related to the oil and gas exploration, the performance of the ADX has been bolstered by the full support of the companys experienced management. Despite the companys competitive position in the marker of energy, ADX faces several risks and should appeal exclusively to risk-driven investors. The limited funding options and a material failure related to the data reconciliation for providing the basis for a viable project are the main investment risks of the company. In this adverse condition, the company has not provided adequate return to their shareholders in the present year. Currently, the total equity of the company has also been reduced ascompared to the previous year. For instance, ADXs total equity $947694 has been decreased by $902679 in the half yearly report of the company as on 30tth June 2016 (Adx-energy.com 2016). However the company at present has a good liquid position as both the current ratio and quick ratio are above 4 percent. This indicates that ADX can manage their short term obligations in the upcoming years. Unfortunately, the companys profitable condition does not sustain the growth opportunity because the net loss of the company as on 30th June 2015 was $1023801. However, the positive part is that the figure of the net loss has been recovered as on 30th June 2016, in addition to reflecting the loss of $790427 (Adx-energy.com 2016). Therefore, the ratios clearly have indicated that ADX Energy Limited has been struggling with the negative moves in prices of oil as well as the sentiment related to the energy investors. Furthermore the company has been facing inability to the development finance to commercialization due to strict operating issues and accelerated development costs. Interestingly, ADX Energy holds 26.7 million shares in ASX listed Riedel Resource Limited, a renowned gold and metal base exporter. In the directors report of ADX Energy Limited, this has been found that the company is currently concentrating on increasing the potentiality by making available production assets onshore in Romania. Though the companys current earnings per share is -.0021 but the company is expecting future growth on the ground in Romania with efficient local contractor and designated relationships. Primarily, ADX Energy Limited is facing stiff competition from the rival energy service providers in the Australian market such as Alice Queen Limited, Algae Tec and Alligator energy. All the companies operate under the same energy sector of the company, but focus on different market opportunities. Alice Queen Limited is associated with the development process of gold and copper exploration along with exploring the mining opportunities. On the other hand, Alligator energy provides uranium exploration activities and explores the shareholders strategic exposure by adding Alligators high leveled uranium resource base. On the contrary, the vision of Algae Tec is to develop renewable and sustainable food and energy solution. On the competitive perspective, all the companies are listed their shares in ASX with the different market capitalization rates. ADX Energy limiteds current market cap is 4 million which is the current value of the market at the current year of financial. On the other hand, Algae Tec Limiteds market capitalization rate is 19.4 million whereas Alligator Energy Limited is having 5.0 million. This indicates that ADX Energy Limited has the lowest market capitalization rate compare to its rival companies. However, the common factor that all the companies are suffering is slow application of the developmental changes in operating or fiscal rules (Teske et al. 2016). Furthermore, the negative moves in the industry oil prices are also considered to be the biggest threat for all the energy companies in the Australian market. On the sustainable perspective, ADX Energy Limited has been recovering their position by achieving by one year the 100 percent owned Offshore Tunisian Kerkouane permit. By getting 50 percent equity interest in the area of Onshore Western Romania, ADX can expect opportunities in production at favorable cost while oil prices remain depressed. However, the company needs to manage market risks such as lower commodity prices, failure in exploration and evaluation programs and inability for obtaining the appropriate project equity/debt finance (Foster 2016). For better shareholders return, the company needs to continue its exploration program on its existing permits and further to acquire appropriate permits for exploration and the development of the company. Companys financial choices The current equity of ADX Energy Limited is $64161036. The total equity of the company consists with equity capital and reserves (Foster 2016). In the year of 2015, the total reserve of the company is $5960243. However, the company has a huge accumulated loss of $69173585. Based on the current financial structure, the company has raised their fund only issuing the ordinary shares to their shareholders. The shareholders are getting dividend if the company earns profits. Unfortunately, the business is running at a loss and thus, no dividend has been paid to the shareholders of ADX Energy Limited (Rampini and Viswanathan 2016). Currently, the company does borrow money neither using bank loan nor corporate bonds. Although the company is carrying out with losses in the present fiscal year, therefore the debt would not be the right choice for raising funds into the business. With the raising debt, the company will face more burdens of losses in the upcoming fiscal years, if the company could not recover its existing losses in the due course. Conclusion: The above discussion mainly discussed two perspective of the chosen business. In the first section, the details of current earnings and cash flows have been discussed. By assessing the competitive strength of ADX Energy limited, the report highlights the potential returns and additional economic values of the business. In the second part, the current financing of the company has been discussed and analyzed. The alternative choice of finance has also been considered in this section. References: Adx-energy.com. (2016).ADX Energy - Oil, Gas and Base Metal Exploration - Australia, Italy and Tunisia - Home. [online] Available at: https://adx-energy.com [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. Foster, J., 2016. The Australian growth miracle: an evolutionary macroeconomic explanation.Cambridge Journal of Economics,40(3), pp.871-894. Ioachim, M.V.C., Ionela, F.E. and Florin, B.C., 2016. Financial Resources Management And The Impact On The Financial Position Of The Entities In The Romanian Energy Sector.Annals-Economy Series,3, pp.306-311. Rampini, A.A. and Viswanathan, S., 2016. Collateral and capital structure.Journal of Financial Economics,109(2), pp.466-492. Teske, S., Dominish, E., Ison, N. and Maras, K., 2016. 100% Renewable energy for Australia-Decarbonising Australia's energy sector within one generation.Report prepared by ISF for GetUp.

What Does Genocide Mean The era of mass murder mi Essay Example For Students

What Does Genocide Mean? The era of mass murder mi Essay 644 ght be given as a name for the 20th century. Never in the history of the world have so many millions of people been deliberately killed since 1900. These millions werent all because of war. They were victims of genocide: the deliberate killings of racial, religious, ethnic, or political groups. The word genocide is from the Greek genos, meaningrace, or tribe, and the Latin cide, meaning killing. The First Significant Genocide The Armenian Genocide was directed against the residents of Asia Minor by the Turkish government. This deliberate slaughter began on April 24, 1915, under the cover of World War 1. The number killed are uncertain. We will write a custom essay on What Does Genocide Mean? The era of mass murder mi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The lowest is 800,000 and the highest more than 2 million. First the Armenians in the army were disarmed, placed into battalions, and then killed. Then the Armenian political leaders were rounded up on April 24, 1915, and then killed. Finally, the remaining Armenians were called from thier homes, told they would be relocated, and then marched off to concentration camps in the desert between Jerablus and Deir ez-Zor where they would starve and thirst to death in the sun. On March, often they would be denied food and water, and many were brutalized and killed by their guards. The authorities in Trezbizond, on the Black Sea coast, loaded Armenians on barges and sank them out at sea. The Turkish government has denied that this ever happened, but this event has been carefully recorded by others. My Comment: As I said before the era of mass murder should be given the name of the 20th century. This century was when most people for either their race, ethnic, or religion had been killed purposely. From the Jewish Holocaust to the all other genocides. Yet, there is also a reason why this happened. Maybe it was because it was a lesson to show us how easily we are capable of doing such atrocities as this. These past genocides also show us how important it is to be at peace with one another. Without this peace look what it all caused. Bibliography: .

buy custom Chinese Classic essay

buy custom Chinese Classic essay Introduction Just as any other country or community in the vast world has literature, the Chinese republic is not to be forgotten in terms of literal arts. China has had many forms of literature and subsequently many big names in the literal field. One of the big names in literature of the 20th century is a man known as Qian Zhongshu. Theodore Huters an American scholar of literature defines the man Zhongshu as one of awesome and diverse abilities with vast account of knowledge in his brains. To accredit the study of the literal expert Zhongshu, Huters has not only tried to fully discuss his obscure style of literature on his own self, he goes steps ahead to include ideas from other experts in this field. Some of the experts, whose ideas have been included in a bid to shade some useful light on the topic, are Hermann Melville and Wolfgang Iser who are portrayed as general theorists. He does this to create a general-purpose introduction to Qians works and style of literature and through this; he i s also trying to achieve an extensive argument for elementary analysis of his prose style as this is crucial to understanding and evaluation of his achievements as a Chinese writer. He moves on to acknowledge that it is an independent, stimulating and crowded agenda. Qian was then a young Chinese elite who was however reportedly not educated in China, he had gone abroad to increase his intellect and so on returning to his motherland, he used his international mastery to demolish a host of traditional literature practices which he thought unwise. He criticized his home form of traditional literal theories by bombarding them with international mastery of literature. For general purpose role, the book offers a full chapter with Qians biography which is further defined as a no nonsense which puts into discussion his works beginning with his literally criticism and moving forward on that background to explore his familiar essays and fiction. It is evident that the book does not move deep in its discussion of Qians four-volume survey of Chinese literature. This chapter in Huters book seeks to gradually develop his discussion on Qian Zhongshu. He presents his original analysis and appraisal of Qians well-known fiction and develops it to culminate in a s tudy of one of the Chinese writers novel which is a major piece of art of the 20th century. After substantial studies, Huters emphasizes that Qian and other Chinese writers of the 20th century shared a style in common. He states that they share the style of shocking readers out of easy assumptions and habits of thoughts conditioned by traditions. He however gives Qian a credit which according to him, the other writers did not deserve. He moves forward to explain the reason for accrediting Qian as, he used the heritage of Chinese literary language and rhetoric more positively than any of his predecessors. This keeps him ahead of the race or it even makes him stand aloof. Qians literary style was a shocking masterpiece as studies show that throughout his career as a writer; never at once did he allow his style of writing to be identified solely with one model or another. He was never a constant writer of one style, as soon as you thought you have gotten his way of writing, you were to be surprised by reading his next article which would have a very different style altogether. This is attributed to his great creativity which almost surpassed normal understanding. He is seen as a respiratory for ideas; an ironic force covers his ideas, and guides the flow of thoughts moving them from the playful down to the sharply satirical and later onto the tragic part of it all. Qian Zhongshu, had well developed this style for his short stories and essays, however, as he moved into fiction, he definitely had to modify this practice. He had to learn how to create a solid world of false characters who according to him, engaged the reader first before he later on bombard and overpower them with his ironic and subsequent tragic vision. He engaged his avid readers when he went out of his way to give them fiction with this literal style. He had to allow narrative and dialogue to develop his stories before finally bringing on board his irony. Qian is portrayed as an unnecessarily discursive character; however, twice in his readings he promises his readers and commits himself to make literature an autonomy. This point is not well developed to enable the reader to fully understand the importance and meaning of his commitment. This is the discursive part of Qian as it brings out many confusing thoughts but is willing not to explain all of them leaving his readers confused. According to Huters, Qians style of writing bears greatly with a pretty good range of historical events, this is well defined in the fourth chapter where Huters reportedly goes out of his way to show just how far he can go to elaborate this isue. He presents a major example of the field, depth of the vision, this he achieves by drawing parallel between the stylistic reforms witnessed in the 17th century Europe and those witnessed later on in China in the 20th century, and he puts the prominent writer with his mart in the middle of all these. Huters there hence demonstrates the style of writing of Qian Zhongshu at this time as been baroque. This was very apt of him as it was the perfect definition that suited the style that had been adopted by Qian at this time. In a short story called Souvenir, which is basically a story that talks about, the discovery of mortality after an adulterous affair to a woman, Huters does not fail to notice what kind of talent Qian Zhongshu possesses. Qian narrates this whole story in a comedy like manner without even giving the reader time to develop sympathetic feelings for the woman in context. Huters is even amazed how the writer achieves this and makes the whole story look like a big joke thought and in the near end; the reader cannot help himself but laugh even after reading through such an adulterous script. Huters reports that Qian makes sure that he gives the reader no time to develop any real sympathy for the characters and maintains excessive detachment. Another substantial analysis that Huters makes on the style of writing used by Qian Zhongshu is his enormous ability to shock his readers and challenge them with specious logic. Here he gives an example of one of Qians very obscure logics which goes that distinctions between right and wrong, good and evil, heterodoxy and orthodoxy and so on, are at times nothing more than distinctions between self and other. This is a mind-boggling statement which even most of the average minded persons couldnt comprehend. It is obviously sure that Qian is one of the writers who are given to gratuitous shocking and overwhelming statements. Qians style of writing was controversial in post war China and it stands controversial to this very date. This can be attributed to his numerous and endless use of satire, he sets up a very powerful conception of esthetic analysis which sustains as remarkably rich and broad discussion of his works. China as a republic is reportedly to have one of the longest period in human civilization which dates back to around 5000 years ago and it also rates high in translation having a history of around three thousand years back. The translation and its effects rose gradually from its most crude form to its most elaborate form which was better known as literary translation during the late Qings dynasty. This period is captive of the period in Chinese history when western literal works started been fully translated into Chinese. A Chinese grammarian and renowned writer/translator gives the values of a good translator as one who understands and has great mastery of the two languages such that he/she knows similarities and differences of the two languages. He requires that the would be translator should have full understanding of the meaning, style and spirit of the source text and transfer them directly to the target language, he finally requires that the same translator, should translate th e text such that there is no discrepancy between the source file an d the target text. Chinese literature of this new period of the 20th century is characterized with its complicated concepts of literature and its variety of learning institutions. This fully differs with any other of the Chinese literary period with exception of the well-remembered May 4th period when Chinese literary practiced were given a head on challenge by those practices from the much civilized West. Initially, poems and poetic essays were the main form of literal practice in China. However, the increasing translation of Western novels into the Chinese language dearly increased their form of literature enriching it to marked standards. This broke up the Manchus closed-door policy and brought the people of the Republic of China the much needed Western ideologies, lives and customs. This introduction had a marked impact on the then social reformers as it to some extent brought forth the democratic light which was well lacking in China. In present-day China a large quantity of Western works were translated into Chinese these mainly include m works revolving around scientific and technical grounds. This were to be very useful to the peoples republic of China putting in mind that this period, the same republic was undergoing industrial revolution at this time. Logically they therefore needed a wide pool of knowledge which could only be gathered by borrowing from the already developed We stern countries. This saw literary translators been a big and playing a useful part in the Chinese governance as they went as far as translating the United Nations documents and articles which the governance much needed. In 1964, another different trend in literal translation wwas witnessed when one of the most or probably the most renowned writer in the history of the peoples republic of China defined his understanding of literally translation in a way of his own. Qian Zhongshu defined the topic as transmigration theory for literal translation. He widely borrows from the Buddhists practices, where transmigration is defined as the instance where the soul, spirit or some other seat of personality vacate the body it has been occupying and enters into another body or object. Using this, he then states that, a literal translation is like the act of transmigration whereby the soul, the spirit of the original text, remains in the target text even though the career of them, the language has changed. He set requirements of his theory of transmigration in a bid to achieving literal translation which he himself later admits as been too, high for any personality to fully achieve. It should however be accepted that this new form of translation was to the utmost advantage the peoples republic of China, this is simply because the system was more diverse in style, it was also very much more inclusive in terms of ideas and more open in assimilating foreign culture especially those culture practiced in the Western countries. Because of this, Chinese literature is no longer a tributary of the mainstream world of literature. The fact is that it cannot be isolated by any reasonable scholar in literature it has come to a point where it reportedly carries on an equal dialogue with literature from the wide West. This state of event comes up duly because of the interaction between Chinese scholars and other many scholars from other countries especially those from the western nations. This interaction is what firstly brought the translation of Western literature into Chinese3 and which goers a long way to bring civilization, democracy and a range of good to the peoples rep ublic of China. Some literal critics argue that the New Period Literature in China is still progressing however, arguments have been put forth to counter this critics. For instance, if we intend to move on and observe this in the eye of the other or rather simply from the Western influence perspective, and give a down to earth analysis of this, we must therefore state that it is an occurrence which has just passed but which still hold s much significance to present day Chinese literature orientation. In the last century, it is evident that Chinese literature has been in full flourish twice. The first instance of this such flourishment is the period between May 4th and the 1930s. This had a strong impact on the traditional and cultural ideas of the Chinese republic. It put on board some novel trends and currents prevalent in the West then and was trained a group of talented writers who had a great spec of knowledge of bot5h languages. This period of development in Chinese literature was a stepping-st one to modern Chinese literature this is because it had remarkable achievements. The second and final instance of the literal flourishment experienced in the republic of China was the New Period. This period is to be remembered for the longest time in discussing literal development in modern day China. During this period, there was reportedly openness to the outside world and foreign cultural academic exchange programs enabled more and more Western trends of .philosophy and other humanities to flood into China. This second flourishing of the peoples republic of Chinas form of literature has helped train a group of great artistic writers with God given potentiality who move forward to exploring new literary concepts and experimenting with new artistic devices and techniques. This has greatly enabled the Chinese government to develop as the Western systems and policies of development are now known to them through the translation of theory works into Chinese for easier understanding. Conclusion The peoples republic of China has had a great history of civilization and translation. However, their earlier policies hindered their achievement of fast development. This is such as the closed policies which did not allow them to fully interact and gather knowledge from any other sources. Early in the 209th century, this was openly criticized and their traditional literal practices made .look inferior compared to the Western practices. This period then saw the training of writers who studied and sought to understand the Western literal culture. After this, the republic of China saw the change which started gradually by the introduction of Western form of literature intro that of Chinese. Great writers like Qian came up and the principle of openness which sought the integration of Western culture and Chinese culture was established. This went along way to bring development to the republic of China. All this is most directly attr4ibuted to the translation theory and literature. Buy custom Chinese Classic essay

Regulation of Physiological Process by Thyroid Hormones Essay

Regulation of Physiological Process by Thyroid Hormones - Essay Example On the other hand, each function may be controlled by several hormones, which act in concert. The secretion of the hormones in a normal human being is mainly based on negative feedback control, most of which involves the hypothalamic-pituitary axis that detects changes in the concentration of hormones secreted by peripheral endocrine glands. The hormones may also be secreted in response to changes in a controlled variable (Nussey & Whitehead 2001). The following examples illustrate as to how hormones regulate physiological function. The thyroid hormones, namely, thyroxine (T3) and tri-iodothyronine (T4) are secreted by the thyroid gland. They stimulate the oxygen consumption of most of the cells of the body, help in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and are essential for normal growth and maturation. The thyroid hormones enter the cells after which T3 binds to the thyroid receptors in the nuclei. T4 binds, but not avidly. The thus formed hormone-receptor complex then binds to DNA via zinc fingers and affects the variety of different of different genes that code for enzymes which regulate cell function. The main physiological effect of thyroid hormones is calorigenic action (Ganong 2003). The hormones increase oxygen consumption of most of the tissues in the body except brain, testes, uterus, lymph nodes, spleen and anterior pituitary. The hormones also increase the metabolism of fatty acids. Due to increased calorigenic action, nitrogen excretion is increased and endogenous protein and fat st ores are metabolized, which may lead to weight loss. The hormones also cause hepatic conversion of carotene to vitamin A. Other functions include an increase in cardiac output by direct action on the heart and also by activating heat dissipation mechanisms. The pulse pressure and heart rate are also increased, thus shortening circulation time. In the central nervous system, the thyroid hormones increase the responsiveness of the brain tissue to catecholamines, thus activating the reticular activating system. The hormones also affect brain development and reflexes. They increase the rate of absorption of carbohydrate from the gastrointestinal tract.

Magazine Exceptionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Magazine Exceptionalism - Essay Example 2008). In the text under consideration, David Holmes proceeds to cite the examples of some important magazines that can be attributed largely the honor of altering the social dimensions and the way people thought. The most relevant example in this context is the magazine Sassy, which was targeted at the teenage girls and originated in Australia in the 70s (Tim Holmes ed. 2008). Eventually the Australian publishers took this magazine to America. The magazines catering to teenage girls until now were utterly conservative and modest in their approach to teenage issues (Tim Holmes ed. 2008). However, Sassy with its liberating content, revolving around the issues like teen sexuality and the erotic aspects of teenage girls' personality, played a pivotal role in changing the social norms (Tim Holmes ed. 2008). So much so, the other contemporary teenage magazines also started modifying their content to meet the competition posed by Sassy (Tim Holmes ed. 2008). The one other important magazine that brought to the forefront the economic and cultural aspects of contemporary cinema was Esquire, published in the late 70s (Tim Holmes ed. 2008). ... Primarily, the magazines as a media form are very close to the masses (Tim Holmes ed. 2008). In contrast, other media forms like the print and broadcasted media prefer to retain a journalistic distance from the society (Tim Holmes ed. 2008). Secondly, people look to the contents in the magazines as catalytic and proactive, which not only intends to inform them, but also stimulates them to act and respond (Tim Holmes ed. 2008). Magazines are media forms that not merely direct the society from outside, but are something that live, act and thrive within the confines of society and popular culture. There may exist objections to this exalted aspect of magazines, as it is very difficult to establish the causality between the contents of a magazine and the attributed alterations in the society, in a strictly academic and scientific way (Tim Holmes ed. 2008). In a culture saturated with media, it is utterly difficult to attempt this analysis, as the media forms and the culture are often intricately intertwined (Tim Holmes ed. 2008).Still magazines will continue to be an important and potent media form that will always have an important role in the shaping of the current culture and society. References Holmes, Tim ed. (2008). Mapping the Magazine. Wales: Cardiff

Visual Arts and Film Studies. Memento 200, Truffauts 400 Blows, Essay

Visual Arts and Film Studies. Memento 200, Truffauts 400 Blows, Casablanca and The Spirit of the Beehive - Essay Example The story is contrasting, as one part of the story in forward motion while the other one is in backward motion. It is refers to as one memory inside the other memory. The movie is a complicated challenging adventure where we see Leonard striving to avenge the death of his wife. This is complicated by the fact he had lost his memory, hence, was unable to recall the way the events took place from day to day. He attacked and took the life of one of the attackers that led to the death of his wife. He can only remember his wife dying from the attack from the gang. Because of this pain suffered inside, he vows continue until he gets the second man who was involved in the killing of his wife. This movie changes from the black and white flow and continues in the sequential order. The two colors coincide at the end of the story in forward and reverse manner. He describes how it is vital to have written notes that constantly remind him of the killers of his wife, written in a part of his arm, John G, the man who raped and murdered his wife. He continues with his narration and tells when he met Sammy during the time he became an investigator. Sammy has a condition that did not pass as mental disorder but he was rather unable to learn by conditioning. The life of Leonard focuses on trying to unravel the truth; this brings him to meet Mrs. Jankis who he tells that Sammy was in a position to come up with new memories. Leonard discuses with the caller, as to why the police did not buy hi story of the attackers that killed his wife. Fortunately, the person whom Leonard was seeking to turned out to be a police officer, and he gives him more clues towards his quest for his killers. Soon Leonard sets up a meeting with Joe at the lobby, who is an undercover police and prefers to be called teddy. The film then continues with the flow in contrast to the first part. Here we see teddy convincing Leonard that jimmy was the man he was looking for in connection to the killing of his wife. Natalie and Leonard go to the house and agree to stay together. She then tricks him to go and beat a man who had harassed her off her money, but before he could do that, teddy warns him of the plans of Natalie, and he leaves her. The truth is slowly becoming known, and in the morning, Leonard leaves and hide in Dodd’s’ motel, beating him senselessly, before calling teddy who persuade him to elope from the country. Leonard decides to spend the night with Natalie, as a thanks giving for helping him get Dodd. Finally, Leonard puts the clues together, and discovers that teddy was indeed the second killer of his wife. In deep aggression, he shoots teddy right in the head. Conc lusion The story reflects the quest for Leonard to find the truth of the death of her wife. He is surrounded by the main culprit, Teddy who tries to derail him in his findings. Leonard despite of his mental condition finds his way and puts clue together to finally know that teddy was the killer. Truffaut’s 400Â  Blows Question 2 This film demonstrates the steps taken by the 12 year old Antoine who was in bad terms with his parents and teachers, is seen descending into delinquency. Antoine is preparing to go to reform school, since the teachers and his parents, plus the squeezed house and classroom imprison him mentally and physically in his village. He often runs to his favorite spot where he hides fro the rest of the people. This leads him to participate in the game of hooky, which takes him to the streets where he enjoys the freedom of moving about far from the authorities. This continues to worsen as he gets more trouble both at home and school. In addition, the more trou ble he creates at

Corporate financial statement analysis of Volkswagen

Corporate financial statement analysis of Volkswagen Abstract The main aim from this project is to analyze manufacturing company in term of ratios analysis and common size analysis. We took Volkswagen Group as a manufacturing company and we try to know what are the line business, major competitors, and the goals of Volkswagen Group. Then we start to make common size analysis (vertical and horizontal analysis) for both income statement and balance sheet from year 2005 to 2009 to see the financial performance of the company over the time. Moreover we make ratios analysis to check the liquidity, solvency, profitability, efficiency, and cash flow of the Volkswagen Group.Finally, the report is going to discuss the data that we found on common size analysis and ratios analysis. Also the report will include all the annual report from 2005 to 2009. Company profile a)What is the companys principal line of business and major competitors? Volkswagen Group majorly known as the VW group is a German originated automobile manufacturing group that is ranked third largest in world as a motor vehicle manufacturer. The core business of the group includes developing vehicles and components for all marques and manufacturing complete vehicles for the Volkswagen Passenger Cars and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles marques. The group has world-wide working of operations but its primary focus is Europe market. Major competitors of Volkswagen are Toyotta, General Motors, Ford and Hyundai. b)On what day does the companys fiscal year end? The company Fiscal year ends on Dec, 31st c) What is the largest source of cash from financing activities? For the year ended Dec 31, 2009 its â€Å"Proceeds from issue of Bonds† d) What is the largest use of cash from investing activities? For the year ended Dec 31, 2009 its â€Å"Disposal of Equity Investments† e) What is the average income tax rate for the fiscal year reported? Income tax rate for 2005 is : 35.2%, 2006: 9.1%, 2007:37.0 %, 2008: 29.1%, 2009: 27.7%. The average tax rate is 27.62%. f) What is the average issue (sale) price per share of common stock issued as of the end of the fiscal year reported? The average issue (sale) price per share â‚ ¬ 149.42 Company goals and achievements Descriptive information, Compare goals provided in annual reports with achievements in the following periods, seek for any possible predetermined standards and find out whether the company achieved them in the following periods. There are numerous objectives and goals set by the Management of Volkswagen with the motive of enabling the company to expand the scope of its business and generate sustainable success by focusing on its customers and environment. As part of business operations management, the Board has focused on introducing measures to improve cost structures through process optimization overall and modular strategy implementation. The implementation of these goals can be seen through the financial performance of Volkswagen where in terms of sales, the related costs are kept in controlled and balanced trend with no irregular hikes. Volkswagen goal of servicing its customers with most innovative and fascinating vehicles is met with its ability to generate increased world-wide sales and improved cost position. In 2007, the company earned a sales record of 6.2 million vehicles. As part of Volkswagens global business strategy, the goal of the company had been to implement its multi brand strategy and introduce most environments friendly and broadest vehicle range. Towards implementing these goals, the company in year 2009 has been able to cope with the weak industry trends due to financial and economic crisis overall. Its implementation of integration and partnerships with Porsche and Suzuki have unlocked many growth prospects. It is the result of such policies of management that Volkswagen group did not suffer from the financial crisis to the extent most of the competitors did. The focus of maintaining quality standards is also evident from the analysis of financial statements where each year better quality improving standards and procedure are implemented as part of production processes to enable Volkswagen in delivering its customers best equipped quality vehicles. Future goals of company include exploring more developments in fuel efficiency for vehicles and climate friendly fuels as key components of automobility along with driver assistance systems to promote fuel efficient driving. Common Size Analysis Ratios analysis Data Analysis Having done with a thorough financial statement analysis of Volkswagen Group for year 2005-2009, it is seen that the company as a key component of Automobile Industry has been able to maintain its financial performance with slight disturbance in profits for fiscal year 2009 as a result of global depression in markets. Firstly having a look at the vertical common size analysis of Volkswagen Income statement and Balance sheet revealed that most items of Income statement and Balance sheet do not present any major fluctuations over five years. Year 2007 and 2008 were better performing business years where due to decreased CGS as a percentage of Sales, overall profitability was improved i.e. Operating profit and EBT improved from 2% in 2006 to 6% in 2007 and 2008. However, due to an overall market recession profitability has significantly decreased due to burden on costs and expenses i.e. PAT decreased from 4% in 2008 to 1% in 2009. The vertical common size balance sheet showed the group structure consists of Debt: Equity of 80:20. Other significant values are fixed assets, cash, inventory and financial service receivables. The horizontal common size analysis of Income statement and balance sheet taking 2005 as base year showed a healthy growth trend for years 2006-2008, whereas for year 2009, it exposed a decreased trend of profitability significantly in operating profit, Profit before tax and Profit after tax. The balance sheet shows increasing and decreasing fluctuations when looked at individual items but overall can be considered relatively stable and improving. The Ratio analysis of financial statements is done to evaluate the performance of company in a given year using relations between different balance sheet, income statement and cash flow items. Volkswagen analysis of different financial ratios over the period of 5 years enabled us in seeing the performance of Group under five heads: Assets efficiency, liquidity, cash flow, profitability and solvency. Assets efficiency: These ratios are used to check the efficiency of a company i.e. how efficiently assets of company are used in generating revenue. The fixed asset turnover and total asset turnover ratios are lower in magnitude over the time period under analysis. Generally the greater the magnitudes of these ratios the efficient are the assets of a company are considered in generating sales revenue. Volkswagen group assets turnover ratios for last five years vary within range of 0.5 and 1.2 which is not quite impressive. The inventory turnover ratio over the last five years shows a mixed trend whereas the receivable and payable turnover are also a concern as payable turnover should be greater in magnitude than receivable whereas its the opposite case here. Profitability: The profit margins for past five shows an increasing trend till 2008, however for year 2009 profitability is effected due to decreased sales and pressures on costs. The trends for Return on assets and equity, are also the same, whereas the magnitude of these is moderate. The earnings per share for the group is attractive enough just declines much for year 2009 i.e. from â‚ ¬4.6 in 2008 to â‚ ¬0.9 in 2009. Liquidity: These are the ratios derived from balance sheet and measure ability of company to generate liquid funds to pay its debts. The current and quick ratios for Volkswagen fall within the range of 0.9 and 1.2 for past five years which is considered well enough for liquidity purposes. The cash conversion cycle is the number of days cash is tied up in production and sales process. Our analysis shows a mixed trend which is observed to decrease in 2009 which is a good indicator. The receivable collection and payable deferral periods are also in favor of companys liquidity requirements. Cash flow: The cash flow ratio of less is one is indicative of greater chances for bankruptcy. Volkswagen cash flow ratio over past five years is consistently low and need attention. Debt /Solvency: These show the overall debt load of company. The debt as compared to assets does not portrays greater risks, however greater dependence if debt as compared to equity increases leverage and so the risk scope for the Volkswagen.

Collegiate Gladiator in the Gauntlet of Education :: Personal Narrative Papers

Collegiate Gladiator in the Gauntlet of Education I felt the presence of early morning dew against my skin as I marched through a grass field on a brisk October day. My classmates exuded enthusiasm; this excursion was reason to escape the confines of our bleak high school. There was abundant conversation with the occasional youthful act of animation, like sprinting downfield or throwing a rock. The world seems just a bit different when a student is taken from a classroom setting into a non-academic one. Opportunity and freedom appear to be ever so present. Perhaps, that was reason for our class being outside during my regularly scheduled English period. In all honesty I was quite skeptical. I have never been a morning person and can be a silent cynic when it comes to group events. I staggered behind the group, hands in pocket, submerged in totally unrelated thought. My teacher led the way stammering uphill and clenching his worn black book, almost appearing as if he was Moses carrying the Ten Commandments up Mount Sinai. After trekking through the endless barren of soccer and lacrosse fields, we came upon the overgrown pathway that led into the woods. Many of us were familiar to this area, coaches often made their teams run through these wild trails. Others seemed puzzled. Stepping into the wild that day we crossed the threshold on many levels: not just escaping into nature but escaping from ordinary thinking. For me, the change in location would also mark a change in philosophy. Some distance I have covered. The start of my journey seems like a lifetime ago. Blinded by innocence and burdened with little responsibility, being eight years old had its perks. Sure I had to attend school, but what exactly was school at that echelon? A day spent singing songs, playing dodge ball, paper macheing cardboard figurines, with the occasional napping and recess break. Almost like summer camp. To my surprise, second grade was far from what I imagined. My year revolved daily lessons on reading and writing... in hopes of achieving basic literacy. With the occasional dip into the kiddy pool of arithmetic, second grade was a year of hard work. I was lucky to have an incredible teacher like Mrs. Perdiz. She pushed me so hard, so hard that at times I disliked her. Music, math, and art took a definite backseat to reading.

Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about substance use and abuse Essay

In discovering about substance use and abuse one issue encountered are the inevitable ethical issues that occur. In Mestel and Concar’s study for example, sensitive data was collected. Sharing this sensitive data wit hthe researchers may have caused participants unnecessary anxiety or embarrassment if for example the urine test showed that they had used cocaine. This inevitably leads to ethical issues due to the unpleasant emotions participants may have been subjected to. Similarly in Robinson et al’s study, participants may have experienced unpleasant emotions such as embarrassment and ill ease as a result of the personal nature of the questions asked. From the two studies we can see that ethics is often a factor when exploring the issue of substance use and abuse however substance abuse is, by definition, against social expectations and consequently is always likely to incur ethical dilemmas when researchers attempt to discover substance use and abuse. Another difficulty incurred when attempting to explore substance use and abuse is social desirability. Social desirability is the term given to the situation in which people give answers that are contrary or different to their beliefs because their alternative answer is more socially acceptable. In Moolchan et al’s study for example personal data was collected and in order to present themselves in abetter light people may have lied when giving their answer – responding by saying that their parent didn’t smoke when in fact they did for example. Similarly in Lando’s study baseline data was collected by asking participants to keep a diary detailing their smoking for one week. Participants may have recorded false information because they felt this false information would be more socially acceptable. Social desirability can lead to results which are invalid and resultantly lead to a lack of validity as the study will not record peoples true response. Another difficulty in discovering substance use and abuse is the issue of generalisability. Generalisability is the term used to define the extent to which results from one sample of participants can be applied to wider groups. In Griffiths study for example the findings may not be able to generalised to a country such as Australia as the sample used was not representative. Similarly Murray’s study conducted in 1988 had a sample which was exclusively composed of adolescents and consequently it could not be applied to the wider population. In reality however a study is likely to never be truly representative to a global extent and in doing so such a diverse sample may make it hard for clear results to be distinguished due to cultural differences. Research into substance use and abuse may also incur the difficulty of ethnocentric bias. This is the tendency to perceive the world from you own cultural group, such as your wthnic group. The issue of ethnocentric bias can be seen in Gomels study. Gomel looked at a workplace in which smoking had been banned and how this related to the reduction in substance use (smoking). The study can be een to be ethnocentrically biased because it was conducted in one workplace in Australia. Ethnocentric bias can result in research that is not applicable to the larger population as the results from this study may not be found to be the same if it was conducted in Australia for example. c) Many people resolve to give up smoking each new year. With middle aged women specifically in mind suggest one psychological technique which would be useful to help them in their attempts to stop smoking. Give reasons for your answer. In attempting to stop smoking one technique which may be useful is the use of self help groups. Self help groups are support circles where each member is also attempting to quit smoking. As Moolchan discovered in his study, women who smoke are likely to be socially skilled and confident and so may find a group therapy useful where they can support and gain support from other women in the group who are in a socially similar position to themselves. Group therapy may also be effective in helping a middle aged woman quit smoking as she may make friends with people in the group and thus turn to them for support as she would turn to a friend outside of the group. The clear difference however would be that the person in the group would be going through the same experience as the middle aged woman and so would be able to identify with her. Those in the support group may also acknowledge an element of competition each one wanting to continue to stop smoking so they remain in the group. For this variety of reasons a support group is likely to be the most effective strategy in supporting a middle aged woman who is giving up smoking.

Computational Lingustics Essay

Computational Lingustics Essay Computational Lingustics Essay Computational Linguistics Computational linguistics is a discipline between linguistics and computer technology, which is concerned with the computational aspects of our languages. This area of computer science can correlate with the field of Artificial Intelligence. Put simply, computational linguistics is a set of programs that turns human speech into words and motions. There are a couple of different areas of computational linguistics that make up its entirety; theoretic computational linguistics and applied computational linguistics. These two areas can be divided into sub-areas and from the sub-areas they can be itemized even further. Theoretical computational linguistics is organized into theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. This specific region deals with formal theories about the linguistic understanding that a human needs for producing, understanding, and interpreting language. This area has made significant advances; its complexities can only be interpreted and managed by man ironically only with the help of computers. â€Å"These computers computational linguists are able to cultivate formal representations simulating characteristics of the human language and then incorporating that into programs.† (1) These programs are what form the overall core for the assessment and additional development of their theories. Alongside these comprehensive concepts lays an alternative role that plays a huge contribution to the understanding of theoretical computational linguistics and that part is cognitive sciences. These programs are able to interpret the words given to them by dissecting the syntax and e xtensiveness of the our languages and then able to match it up with its programming; a computer that can teach itself. The other portion of computational linguistics is called applied computational linguistics which targets the real-world outcome of modeling human language use. The methods, techniques, tools, and applications in this area are often subsumed under the term language engineering or (human language technology. The current computational linguistic systems are far from achieving human ability of communicating they have numerous applications. The goal for this is to eventually have a computer program that will have the same communication skills as a human being. Once this is achieved it will open doors never thought possible in computing. After all the major problem today with computing is communication with the computer. Today’s computers don’t really understand our language and it is very difficult to learn computer language, plus computer language doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t correspond to the structure of human thought. Even if the computer understands your language its abilities are really limited. The major problem with this type of software is the interpretation of your speech. Since no one speaks exactly the same, one word you say might sound like a different word that someone else would say. As a result each individual person must â€Å"teach† their computer the way that they speak. That process can often be a tedious and time consuming. Even after you â€Å"teach† your computer they way that you speak its still not a hundred percent that it will recognize what you are saying. Because of that this type of software isn’t very efficient today, but once that barrier is broken this technology will revolutionize the computing industry. After all, all you will need to operate a computer is your voice. An excellent example of how this type of technology will benefit man kind is language translators. What I mean, is that with this technology it will let people create multi-language translators that will aid in business transactions, peace conferences, etc. It w ill bring humanity one step closer to become equal because we wont have the difference of languages to get in our way. Another area that this technology

Popocatepetl essays

Popocate'petl essays Popocatepetl is a volcano found in Mexico that I have been following for 3 months. It is the result of a continental-oceanic plate convergence (fig. 1). When the oceanic lithosphere (the Rivera and Cocos plates) collide with the continental lithosphere (the North American plate), the oceanic plate will descend into the subduction zone. Subduction zones generate a lot of igneous magma that rises to the surface to form volcanic mountains. I will discuss the geologic history of Popocatepetl, the subduction of the Cocos and Rivera plates, and the most current eruptions of Popocatepetl. Fig. 1. Oceanic-continental convergence Popocatepetl is a 5,465-meter andesitic stratovolcano that is located 19.02 degrees north and 98.62 degrees west. It is approximately 55 km east of Mexico City and 45 km east of Puebla (Fig. 2). The volcano covers 500 square kilometers and has a 900-meter crater that is 200 meters deep. Popocatepetl means Smoking Mountain, in the Aztec language of Nahuatl (Dunlap, 1996). It is the second highest peak in Mexico and is one of the countrys most volatile volcanoes (Dunlap, 1996). It has had approximately 30 eruptions in historical time, mostly mild to moderate Vulcanian eruptions. Popocatepetl has also produced several Plinian type eruptions, and there are records of at least three enormous ones in the past 5,000 years (Ray, 2001). Popocatepetl is part of the Trans-Mexico Volcano Belt (TMVB) (fig. 3). Volcanic activity related to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt started during Early stratovolcano Miocene (Capral, L. et al., 2000). The TMVB is 1200 kilometers long and goes from the Gulf of California all the way through Central Mexico and meets the Central American Volcano belt near El Chichon, a volcano in Chiapas, Mexico (Johnson, 1991). This line of volcanoes is caused by the subduction of the Cocos and Rive...

Private Equity Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Private Equity Funds - Essay Example These types of funds have huge difference from the other investment funds from the perspective of the business strategy used for seeking control over the businesses where they have invested (Cumming, 2009). These types of funds are also different in their structure because they are generally close-ended and have finite life time. The private equity funds have fixed number of shares. Private Equity Firms Nowadays, the leveraged buyout investment companies are referred to as the private equity organizations (Stowell, 2010; 2012). These types of firms are different from the venture capital firms which invest in emerging and young companies and as a result are not able to seek the majority control (Cumming and Johan, 2013). The emergence of private equity firms arose from the leveraged buyouts. The leveraged buyouts started during the 1980’s (Kaplan and Stromberg, 2009). The leveraged buyouts had increased rapidly in this decade and gradually the leveraged buyout companies became dominant corporate organizations. The private equity firms have been defined as the decentralized organizations with relatively fewer numbers of employees and investment professionals. Big private equity firms are larger in size but smaller than the firms where they make the investments. The funds raised by these private equity firms are known as the private equity funds. ... The limited partners are the institutional investors like, the public and corporate pension funds, insurance companies or other wealthy investors. Now the question arises whether the private equity companies are the limited partners or the general partners. These firms act as the general partners of the fund. It is compulsory that the general partners provide at least one percent of the total amount of capital. However, some general partners invest even higher. These private equity funds have definite or fixed lifetime that ranges from 10 to 13 years. The private equity firm has a time period of five years, for investing the total capital to be funded to the companies and then, an additional time period of another five to eight years, for returning the total capital amount to the investors. After providing the capital amount, the limited partners do not have much to say about how the general partners would be deploying the investment funds, till the basic contents of the actual fund agreement are followed by these general partners. The basic contents of the fund agreement include restraints on the amount of fund capital that can be invested in one particular company, types of securities where the fund can be invested and restraints on the debt amount. The general partner i.e. the private equity firm, are generally compensated in three different ways. Firstly, these general partners incur a management fee as a percentage of the total capital committed followed by a percentage of the total capital employed, after the investment amount is realized. Secondly, these firms also incur one portion of the profit out of the fund which is known as the ‘carried interest’. The carried interest equals to 20 percent

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 19

Essay Example petus to desegregation however occurred between 1866-1876 during the Reconstruction, when Congress overrode President Andrew Johnson and ratified the 14th Amendment. But in 1883 the U.S. Supreme Court overruled this and things reverted to their old ways although by 1869 the Freedmans Bureau had set up more than 3000 schools for black children. The most important judicial decision which led to total desegregation was the Brown v. Board of Education case, argued by such legal luminaries as Charles H. Houston and a battery of lawyers led by Thurgood Marshall, which opened the floodgates for reforms in the segregated educational system. The case was a combination of cases filed in South Carolina, Delaware, Virginia, Washington D.C and Kansas. The Delaware case challenged the poor conditions of schools for blacks and also the plight of children who had to travel an hour everyday to attend a school with poor facilities because the local high school refused to take them. Louis Redding, a local NAACP attorney was the lawyer. The South Carolina case was a class action civil suit against the inferior conditions in black schools, filed by the state NAACP at the urging of Rev. J.A. DeLaine. The case from Virginia was against the inadequate buildings and inferior school facilities and was facilitated by the NAACP. The case from Washin gton D.C was filed when students from a black school, during a field trip to a white school were denied entry and the ruling stated it â€Å"a denial of the due process of law guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment†. The Kansas case which gained fame as the Brown v. Board of Education case was filed on denial of admission to black children in schools segregated for whites. The Topeka NAACP under McKinley Burnett was responsible for this suit. This case was a landmark judgment because it paved the way for desegregation, not only in schools but also other public utilities and led the way for greater change in society and a general attitude towards

Mexican Healthcare system Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mexican Healthcare system - Article Example The improvement in the healthcare system in Mexico continued throughout the 19th century registering a great status improvement in the 1990s, where the mortality patterns were found to match with those the most developed societies. The government of Mexico has established a three-tire health system that takes care of all its citizens at subsidized rates. The Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) was established in 1943 to cater for the welfare of all employees in the private sector and their dependants within the country, which works as a tripartite system involving the joint funding by the employer, the federal government and the employee. The Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers (ISSSTE) on the other hand caters for the social welfare and the health needs of the government employees (Johnson & Stoskopf, 2010). The difference in the healthcare systems between the USA and Mexico lies in various fundamental concepts. First, there is a disparity in the covera ge of the healthcare system in the USA and Mexico, where all citizens in the country are covered through the three-tire healthcare system; while in the USA the healthcare system does not cover all citizens (Garman, Johnson & Royer 2011). Secondly, the cost aspect presents another disparity, where the cost of healthcare in Mexico is lower, compared to the USA. Another major difference is that in Mexico, most of the healthcare system falls under the public sector, while in the USA, most of the healthcare is provided by the private sector (Johnson & Stoskopf, 2010). Characteristics of the consumers, providers, payers, and regulation policies in Mexico, compared to USA The characteristics of the consumers in the Mexican healthcare system varies from those of the USA consumers in that, the Mexican consumers do not necessarily need to have a healthcare insurance to be able to access subsidized healthcare, while in the USA, the consumers need to be covered by a health insurance scheme to b e able to access subsidized health service (Garman, Johnson & Royer 2011). The characteristics of the providers on the other hand, varies greatly between Mexico and the USA, since public the healthcare providers in Mexico operates under government sponsorship, thus providing subsidized healthcare service to the citizenry. On the other hand, the providers in the USA comprises the private sector as the main player, thus the access to subsidized services are a preserve of a few, who can afford health insurance. Nevertheless, the USA government accounts for a larger share of healthcare provision and financing, accounting for 46% financing of the healthcare system, while the Mexican government accounts for a slightly lower share, financing 44% of the healthcare provision in the country (Johnson & Stoskopf, 2010). The regulation policies also differs, though to a smaller extent, with the USA providing an open and optional feeding system, where the patients are free to choose the menu, whi le at the same time being allowed outside food. On the country, the Mexican health system offers a single brand of food, while prohibiting outside food in the health facilities (Garman, Johnson & Royer 2011). The staffing, appointment and timeliness policies also differs in both country, with the USA applying an adequate staffing policy for its healthcare, as well as upholding a strict appointment and timeliness policy, as the fundamental aspects of healthcare pro

The effects of video games on children Essay Example for Free

The effects of video games on children Essay Nowadays, game is so popular that everybody can see its appearances everywhere easily. There are a lot of type of game have been invented such as cosule game, Actually, video games have become a part of childrens life for the past few decades, because they are so convenient that children can play them whenever and wherever to spend time. There are a lot of opinions about effects of video game on our future generation. In some study, video games can be considered the second nature of the modern children, and that virtual world partly reflects the real world. Through that, children can come up and learn more knowledge about the real word. However, video games can also cause a lot of negative effects on children if they are addicted to those. Therefore, most people agree that playing too many video games does more harm than good. The bad effect of game Drifting back to the history of video game, it all started when Atari came up with its first gaming console that included a very simple game of tennis. At that time, the controller had just one stick and one button to play with. Now, we are having huge collection of gaming system with many different types of consoles available in the market with very complex games that requires controllers with two or more sticks and a variety of buttons. Every year, all gaming company makes a race for introducing a new edition or updating better quality for their production. Most people suppose that playing video game causes a lot of negative effects. Video games – a cause of violence and aggression are one of those and mainly mentioned. Video games are very variety of kinds, but it seems that the violent games are dominant because they attract more children than others. Furthermore, in some surveys, there are many violent games that allow the children to play arm bearing characters who can kill anyone that they want, steal cars, and commit many different kinds of crime, such as Mortal Combat, Marvel vs. Capcom, and Doom. They all are very interactive in the violence of slaughtering the opponent (1). In reality, although the video game producers put signs like Real-life violence and Violence level not recommended for children under age of 12 on their box covers, sometimes parents seem to ignore those warnings and let their children play the games that they like (2). Moreover, in some modern violent games, the producers want to attract more children by performing the actions of characters as elaborate maneuver when they get killed. For example, in Half-Life, when a character is killed by others, a bloody and gory scene displays in detail on the screen. What will happen if children play those day by day? How will those affect the naive minds of children? As everyone knows, the answer is that children will become violent and aggressive. Indeed, many studies seem to indicate that violent video games may be related to aggressive behavior. The children who often play more violent games will tend to be at odds with somebody and like fighting and killing. They tend to act in their real life as if they saw and experienced in games. In another aspect, playing too many video games is also the cause which makes children addicted. In a recent study of children in their early teens, the researchers found that almost a third played video games daily, and that 7% played for at least 30 hours a week (3). According to these statistical figures, it is really reasonable to conclude that children today are addicted to video games, and the number of those will increase more in the future. Addicting to video games can make children socially isolated. With the development of science and technology at present, it is so convenient that children can play video games everywhere from large devices, such as computers, laptops, and play stations, to small portable devices, such as DS, and Xbox†¦ With those, children can spend hours in playing without resting. Meanwhile, they may spend less time or even ignore in other activities such as doing homework, reading books, sports, and interacting with the family and friends. As a result, children will become lazy and passive, and they find it hard to integrate into the real life. Finally, video games may also have bad effects on children’s health, especially obesity and eyesight problems. When children are addicted to video games, they tend give them foremost priority. This takes the children away from their other physical activities and can have many health-related problems for the children, as they can get obese if they dont exercise and stay home playing video games. Many studies have also showed that spending hours more time playing videogames in front of television screens than playing real and actual sports that involve physical exercise can cause children to experience many of the same symptoms seen in computer vision syndrome in adults. Moreover, extensive viewing of the game screen can lead to eye discomfort, fatigue, blurry vision and headaches (4). As a result, the number of children who have eyesight problems, such as near-sighted, far-sighted, and astigmatism†¦ is increasing. This is perhaps the worst negative effect that videogames can have on children. On the contrary, as many people confirm, one of the most positive effects of video games is increasing the dexterity and agility of a child and improving their hand-eye coordination (5). The new modern video games that are coming out are extremely complex, and they involve the movement of many different kinds of sticks and buttons on the controllers. These can be very good for children as they learn to make fast connections between what they see and what their hands and fingers are doing. These also allow them to think quickly and improve their reflexes. For example, in shooting games, in some cases, the character may be running and shooting at the same time. This requires the children to keep track of the position of the character, where he or she is heading, the speed, where the gun is aiming, and so on. This process requires a great deal of hand-eye coordination and visual-spatial ability to be successful. Therefore, we find that playing video games can have many different effects, both positive as well as negative on children. Even though the children can have benefits by increasing their dexterity and improving their reflexes, the costs of them, like losing their physical exercise, social activities, and homework, declining health, as well as becoming violent, are too much. Overall, it is important that the parents consider this problem seriously and enforce certain rules and regulations that can limit and control the time of playing video games for their children. Parents also should encourage their children to take part in other physical exercise, sports, as well as social activities that can take children away from video games. References: (1), (2), and (3) according to Video Games: A Cause of Violence and Aggression Grace Shin Submitted by Serendip Update on Fri, 01/04/2008 http://serendip. brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/1723 (4) according to Playing Video Games May Cause Eyestrain. Encourage Safe Game Play Guidelines for Your Child By Troy Bedinghaus, O. D. , About. com Guide Updated February 19, 2008 http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:INT8Liv76l4J:vision. about. com/od/childrensvision/qt/Video_Games. htm+video+games+affect+eyesightcd=1hl=enct=clnkgl=ussource=www. google. com (5) according to Positive Effects of Video Gaming By R. L. Cultrona, eHow Contributor http://www. ehow. com/about_5370127_positive-effects-video-gaming. html.

History and Patterns of Left and Right Politics

History and Patterns of Left and Right Politics ROLE OF LEFT/RIGHT IDEOLOGIES TODAY INTRODUCTION ‘Left’ and ‘Right are widely used terms today which are differently by scholars. The essay seeks to explore the history of the Lefts and Rights. It defines their views, analyses its importance in the context of the past as well as the present. The relevant terms have a different meaning in varied political systems. An attempt has been made to give it an objective, perspective and to view its varied dimensions critically. We understand how the ideological beliefs have changed over time and the importance of role played by the Left/Right has altered. The Left-Right political spectrum classifies political Positions, ideologies and parties. The Left includes the socialists, communists, secularists, anti-imperialists, anarchists and anti-capitalists. The Rights are the conservatives, capitalists, monarchists, traditionalists, Nazis and Fascists. The main factor dividing them is class. The Left’s target is ensuring social Justice via economic policies but the Rights defend private property and consumerism. The Left upholds the power of human reason to attain progress, believes in secularity and sovereignty exercised through legislature. To the Rights, this is anti-clerical, unrealistic and reveals class hatred. They believe that the Church is instrumental in binding people socially and a strong political leadership can reduce social and political divides. The Left oppose this as authoritative, repressive and dislike any religious doctrine being imposed on the population. HISTORY OF LEFT/RIGHT IDEOLOGY The term Left and Right evolved during the French Revolution of 1789, when the members of the National Assembly were demarcated. The supporters of the king were positioned to the President’s right and the revolutionists to his left. With different historical phases, the seating arrangements changed. The terms had no link to political ideology but only to seating in the legislature. The 19th century saw a cleavage between Monarchists and Republicans after the Third Republic was established there was a demarcation between supporters of a strong executive on the Right and the people who supported the primacy of the legislature on the Left. But in the twentieth century, Left and Right described the citizen’s specific political ideologies. The Rights were the party who upheld the interests of the upper or dominant classes while the left was associated with the lower economic and social classes. While the Rights favored aristocracy and wealth, the Lefts fought for equal oppor tunities for the less advantaged. (Left-Right Politics) CURRENT PATTERNS OF LEFT AND RIGHT IN DIFFERENT POLITICAL SYSTEMS Different geographical regions have different patterns of Left and Right. Political thinking has expanded from its Western European origin all over the globe except the Middle East. Most citizens including the voters and political elites in developed democratic countries use the Left/Right scale for their political programs, government, parties, candidates, issues and social movements. It plays a significant role in the making voting decisions and giving support to the political parties. Though Japan and US still have a liberal versus conservative outlook, the Left/Right considerations affected 90% of the highly educated to define where politics is shaped by religion, ideological Left/Right divisions are not considered. In Communist countries which are now being exposed to western influences, the Leftists or ex-communists parties which adhere to earlier social systems are â€Å"conservative†, whereas the Rightists are regarded as â€Å"liberal and revolutionary†. In les s developed countries like Uganda, the Left/Right dimension is seen by elites as an economic issue while the masses view it from the political angle. But in all regions the Left/Right identification is prevalent among the educated and those who are politically active. (The Limits of Ideological Globalization) RELEVANCE OF THE RIGHT/LEFT IDEOLOGIES History reveals that ‘Left’ or ‘Right’ are terms that are antithetical as well as exclusive because no doctrine can simultaneously be both ‘Left and ‘Right’. The gulf between the two cannot be bridged because they are poles apart. They are in reality descriptive because they analyze two sides of a conflict. They are evaluative as they argue on both the positive and negative aspects. Left/Right is not just related to politics but influences sociology, economics and philosophy too. The political universe has adopted two opposing ideologies – ‘Left’ and ‘Right’ which gives shape to their political thought and government. Sartre says that ‘Left and ‘Right’ are just ‘empty vessels’ without any analytical value. Political debaters have used these terms but they have no evaluative application. It can be argued that ‘Left’ and ‘Right’ are not just ideologies but are opposing programs related to solving political problems and social interests. Therefore, it is suggested that new groupings based on problems should be formed. The present democratic society is multifaceted, where many forces operate. These forces agree on some matters and disagree on others. So two contradictory forces exist but there is also an intermediate central position which leans either towards the ‘Left’ or ‘Right’. Hence there is a moderate left which leans towards the centre and an extreme left opposed to it and vice versa for the right. In politics the antithesis between Left and Right is dependent on the period and the circumstances. After the Italian unification, the Rights were predominant but this was followed by a period of Left predominance. Fascism – a Right wing movement – failed, and the Lefts rose to prominence. It is a universal fact that two opposing parts are interdependent and if one is nullified the other too becomes invalidated. Left and Right are two parts of a whole, which stand and fall together. With the decline of Communism, a radical expression of the Left, the Rights were on their way up. The collapse of the Soviet government put an end to a Left wing government of a specific historical period. In modern mass politics, this political cleavage classifies ideologies, differentiates parties and their candidate’s proposals and acts as a communication tool between politicians, the mass media and citizens. It is also instrumental in guiding the electors to comprehend complexities of politics and reach conclusions. Most people subscribe to the view that a demise of ideology has been reached and traditional differences between the ‘Left’ and ‘Right’ have been overcome. But research on electoral behavior in legislative elections has revealed that an individual’s Left/Right self placement is a major predictor of voting choices and its importance is increasing. The Left/Right is important today as an explanation of voters’ choices especially in European Parliament elections. Though the terms Left and Right are challenged by many they are still a part of political terminology. Since socialism is declining, one wonders at the future of the Left. The old Left is analyzed and assessed in order to form a new Left. In democracies, one can hear of â€Å"Left in Parliament† and â€Å"Right in Parliament†. Even politicians are termed As Left winged or Right winged. Left and Right are terms used to differentiate political thought and activity. It is now claimed that the two labels are fictitious. Both the Left and right wing movements today face complex and novel problems. In the end their programs for electorates are more or less the same and they propose the immediate ends. On the basis of this argument, the Lefts and the Rights do not have a reason to exist because alleged differences and disputes between them do not exist. Personal animosity is unreasonable because the opposing sides are arguing for the same targets. (Left and Right Significance of a Political Distinction) ALTERNATIVE DIMENSIONS TO THE LEFT/RIGHT AXIS Left and Right, today, are non-adequate terms. The present confusion may give birth to new dominant ideologies. New ideas make old alignments inappropriate. To make necessary changes, work should be done at a quicker pace, according to the current political scenario. The industrialized nations of the world, including the US are confronted with a situation where the obsolete political groups cannot be called a Left/Right axis as they have become multi-dimensional. In US, the Republicans and Democrats are confused as to how to form alliances on the basis of these dimensions. This lack of coherency is creating difficulties in taking political action. The first dimension is that of secularism versus religion. The religious group who has hitherto played a traditional role is challenged by the advent of science, which is playing a pivotal role by the influence it has. This threatens the security of the religious leaders who are retaliating by seizing political power. Another dimension is the ethnic domination versus multi-culturalism. The large ethnic groups like His panics that have arisen have wrested political control. The point now is more than inclusion versus separation and the ‘melting pot’ model US had as a part of its national creed is questionable. Thirdly, the neo-colonial dimension that prevailed is now confronted with internationalism. With the evolution of the World Bank and IM, trade is controlled by the industrialized world which in turn leads to control of political philosophy. Ethnic and religious domination is now insecure because of internationalism and secularism. The fourth dimension is that of Laissez Faire capitalism versus government oversight. Capitalist economy has resulted in social and wealth inequality. US has ignored basic infrastructure investments, health, and welfare and introduced policies which favor financial manipulation. A new wealthy class has arisen and resulting in marginalization of organized labor. Economic disparities and the growth of a wealthy class highlight the dimension of conservation versus growth. While growth is favored, its implications on earth are overseen. Overpopulation excessive consumerism and waste in industrialized countries depletes natural resources. This excess results in disaster. It has already affected the availability of fresh water and fossil fuels. Shortage of these materials would result in persuading those that have them, to give them up. The conservationists would be willing to introduce changes in consumption patterns but not make real sacrifices. (The End of Left/Right Politics) CONCLUSION After analyzing the various aspects of Left/Right politics various conclusions can be drawn. It has existed since the time of the French Revolution, yet, its significance and role in politics has changed. After analyzing the current patterns in various political systems we see that ideological differences based on the Left/Right polarization still play a vital role in politics world over. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Left/Right polarization is not redundant rather it has changed its form and ideological beliefs. REFERENCES Left-Right Politics  http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left%E2%80%93right_politics The Limits of Ideological Globalization-Hans Geser  http://socio.ch/internat/t_hgeser5.htm Left and Right Significance of a Political Distinction – Norberto Bobbio The End of Left/Right Politics – Robert Feinman  http://robertdfeinman.com/society/left_right.html